{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "topic_id": "metacognition",
  "topic_title": "Metacognition",
  "domain_id": "learning-thinking",
  "domain_title": "Learning & Thinking",
  "ontology_status": "growth-gap",
  "baseline_status": "growth-gap",
  "question": "Which metacognitive strategies improve calibration, learning choices, or error detection rather than just confidence?",
  "evidence_target": "Prefer systematic reviews and experiments that measure calibration or downstream performance.",
  "guardrail": "Do not treat introspection or confidence ratings as accurate self-knowledge by default.",
  "stage": "ready-for-resolution",
  "stage_label": "Ready for resolution review",
  "stage_summary": "A reviewed Evidence Decision and trusted Topic protocol exist, but no explicit closure record exists yet.",
  "canonical_url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/research/gaps/metacognition/",
  "research_queries": [
    {
      "id": "learning-metacognition",
      "query": "metacognitive strategy calibration learning systematic review",
      "risk_flags": []
    }
  ],
  "candidates": [
    {
      "id": "crossref:10.1007/s10462-026-11665-9",
      "title": "Evidence of impact and interpretational limits of generative AI in STEM education: a systematic review and meta-analysis on cognitive learning outcomes",
      "status": "support-existing",
      "publication_date": "2026-08-25",
      "reference_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11665-9"
    },
    {
      "id": "crossref:10.1007/s10648-025-10001-x",
      "title": "Enhancing Academic Performance Through Self-Explanation in Digital Learning Environments (DLEs): A Three-Level Meta-Analysis",
      "status": "propose-protocol",
      "publication_date": "2025-03-08",
      "reference_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10001-x"
    },
    {
      "id": "crossref:10.1007/s10648-025-10075-7",
      "title": "The Effect of Prequestions on Learning: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis",
      "status": "propose-protocol",
      "publication_date": "2025-12-10",
      "reference_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-025-10075-7"
    }
  ],
  "evidence_decisions": [
    {
      "id": "genai-learning-augmentation-boundary-2026",
      "decision": "support-existing",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-05",
      "source_title": "Evidence of impact and interpretational limits of generative AI in STEM education: a systematic review and meta-analysis on cognitive learning outcomes",
      "ledger_url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/evidence/genai-learning-augmentation-boundary-2026/"
    },
    {
      "id": "prequestions-targeted-learning-boundary-2025",
      "decision": "propose-protocol",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-15",
      "source_title": "The Effect of Prequestions on Learning: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis",
      "ledger_url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/evidence/prequestions-targeted-learning-boundary-2025/"
    },
    {
      "id": "self-explanation-digital-learning-boundary-2025",
      "decision": "propose-protocol",
      "reviewed_at": "2026-09-15",
      "source_title": "Enhancing Academic Performance Through Self-Explanation in Digital Learning Environments (DLEs): A Three-Level Meta-Analysis",
      "ledger_url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/evidence/self-explanation-digital-learning-boundary-2025/"
    }
  ],
  "trusted_protocols": [
    {
      "slug": "prequestions-before-learning",
      "title": "Ask a Few Questions Before You Start Learning",
      "url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/life-os/prequestions-before-learning/",
      "evidence_status": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ask-for-feedback-tracker",
      "title": "Ask for Feedback on One Specific Decision",
      "url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/life-os/ask-for-feedback-tracker/",
      "evidence_status": "practical"
    },
    {
      "slug": "ai-learning-attempt-feedback-retest",
      "title": "Attempt First, Use AI for Feedback, Retest Without It",
      "url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/life-os/ai-learning-attempt-feedback-retest/",
      "evidence_status": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "decision-calibration-journal",
      "title": "Decision Calibration Journal",
      "url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/life-os/decision-calibration-journal/",
      "evidence_status": "practical"
    },
    {
      "slug": "refocus-present-stop-mind-wandering",
      "title": "Deliberate Attention Switching with Everyday Sounds",
      "url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/life-os/refocus-present-stop-mind-wandering/",
      "evidence_status": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "self-explain-what-you-learn",
      "title": "Explain What You Just Learned in Your Own Words",
      "url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/life-os/self-explain-what-you-learn/",
      "evidence_status": "reviewed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "belief-update-coach",
      "title": "Record What Would Change a Belief",
      "url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/life-os/belief-update-coach/",
      "evidence_status": "practical"
    },
    {
      "slug": "confidence-calibration-habit",
      "title": "Record What Would Change Your Confidence Before You Commit",
      "url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/life-os/confidence-calibration-habit/",
      "evidence_status": "practical"
    }
  ],
  "resolution": null,
  "coverage": {
    "id": "metacognition",
    "title": "Metacognition",
    "domain_id": "learning-thinking",
    "status": "growth-gap",
    "entries": 8,
    "research_candidates": 3
  }
}