{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "id": "time-management-specificity-boundary-2021",
  "canonical_url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/evidence/time-management-specificity-boundary-2021/",
  "json_url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/evidence/time-management-specificity-boundary-2021/index.json",
  "decision": "challenge-existing",
  "decision_label": "Challenge existing claim",
  "reviewed_at": "2026-09-11",
  "reviewed_by": "Brali Evidence Reviewer",
  "source": {
    "title": "Does time management work? A meta-analysis",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245066",
    "type": "meta-analysis",
    "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0245066",
    "citation_text": null,
    "study_design": null,
    "population": null,
    "intervention_or_exposure": null,
    "outcomes": []
  },
  "supported_claim": "Time management has moderate positive relationships with performance and wellbeing at the construct level, with substantial heterogeneity.",
  "unsupported_or_overstated_claims": [
    "This validates a specific planner, calendar ratio, time-block length or branded method.",
    "All observed relationships are causal."
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "The meta-analysis pools studies using different definitions and measures of time management, job or academic performance and wellbeing, which limits claims about any one technique.",
    "A substantial part of the underlying evidence is correlational, so associations between time-management behavior and outcomes should not be read as causal effects of a specific intervention.",
    "The synthesis does not validate an exact planner layout, calendar ratio, time-block duration, prioritization rule or scheduling cadence.",
    "Observed relationships vary across contexts and outcomes, so broad time-management evidence should not be converted into precise universal productivity claims."
  ],
  "target_hack_ids": [],
  "target_protocol_ids": [],
  "risk_flags": [],
  "notes": "Wording guardrail: broad time-management evidence cannot be used to invent scientifically optimal implementation details."
}