{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "id": "movement-breaks-cognition-2026",
  "canonical_url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/evidence/movement-breaks-cognition-2026/",
  "json_url": "https://brali-lifeos.github.io/evidence/movement-breaks-cognition-2026/index.json",
  "decision": "watch",
  "decision_label": "Watch, do not prescribe",
  "reviewed_at": "2026-08-18",
  "reviewed_by": "Brali Evidence Reviewer",
  "source": {
    "title": "Acute cognitive effects of interruptions to prolonged sitting with brief standing or physical activity breaks: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis",
    "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12966-026-01953-6",
    "type": "meta-analysis",
    "doi": "10.1186/s12966-026-01953-6",
    "citation_text": "Zhuang M, Yin M, Liu Z, et al. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Published 13 July 2026.",
    "study_design": "Systematic review and three-level random-effects meta-analysis of 21 randomized crossover trials, with cluster-robust variance estimation and GRADE certainty assessment.",
    "population": "433 participants across the included randomized crossover trials; exploratory subgroup findings varied by age and weight status.",
    "intervention_or_exposure": "Brief standing or physical-activity interruptions during periods of prolonged sitting, compared with uninterrupted prolonged sitting.",
    "outcomes": [
      "Executive function",
      "Memory",
      "Global cognition",
      "Information processing",
      "Attention"
    ]
  },
  "supported_claim": "Across the included trials, interruptions to prolonged sitting were associated with small acute improvements in executive function and memory on average. Evidence for global cognition, information processing, and attention was insufficient or inconsistent, and certainty was low for most outcomes.",
  "unsupported_or_overstated_claims": [
    "A specific break frequency is proven to optimize cognition.",
    "A specific break duration or intensity should be prescribed for everyone.",
    "Standing or movement breaks reliably improve attention.",
    "The exploratory moderator findings establish that one protocol is superior.",
    "Brief breaks are a treatment for cognitive impairment."
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "Only 21 randomized crossover trials with 433 participants were included.",
    "GRADE certainty was low for executive function, memory, information processing, and attention and very low for global cognition.",
    "No clear improvement was found for global cognition, information processing, or attention.",
    "Moderator and protocol-parameter findings were exploratory and the authors explicitly state they are insufficient for definitive prescriptive recommendations.",
    "The outcomes were acute cognitive effects, so the source does not establish long-term cognitive benefit from a break routine."
  ],
  "target_hack_ids": [],
  "target_protocol_ids": [],
  "risk_flags": [
    "health"
  ],
  "notes": "Keep as watch. Brali may recommend breaking up prolonged sitting for broader practical/health reasons only when supported by appropriate sources, but this paper does not justify a magic cognitive break interval or a cognition-optimization protocol."
}